VIP5mg–10mg
$95Lyophilized VIP supplied as a research reference standard.
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Example Certificate of Analysis
Certificate of Analysis
VIP
Lot Number
EXAMPLE-LOT
Purity (HPLC)
≥99%
Nominal Fill
5mg
Illustrative example of the certificate format issued for this compound. Purity and specification figures are the published values for VIP; the lot number and test date are placeholders, not a real result. The certificate for the specific lot you receive is matched to the lot number printed on the vial. For laboratory research use only.
Characteristics
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₄O₄₂S |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 40077-57-4 |
| Molar Mass | 3326.82 g/mol |
| Amino Acid Sequence | His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn |
| Synonyms | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, VIP-28, Aviptadil |
| Physical Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and dilute acetic acid |
| Organoleptic Profile | White lyophilized powder; odorless |
| Purity | ≥97% by HPLC |
| Storage Conditions | Store lyophilized at -20°C; protect from light; reconstituted solution stable at 2-8°C for up to 7 days |
How is VIP used in research?
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide originally isolated from porcine duodenum by Said and Mutt in 1970. It belongs to the glucagon-secretin superfamily and signals primarily through two G-protein coupled receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which are widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, immune tissues, and the gastrointestinal tract. VIP functions as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and immunoregulatory factor with diverse physiological roles including vasodilation, smooth muscle relaxation, and circadian-rhythm regulation.
In immunological research, VIP has been extensively studied for its inflammatory-marker modulation and immunomodulatory profile in preclinical studies. It has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12) by macrophages and dendritic cells while promoting the generation of regulatory T cells in research models. VIP also modulates Th1/Th2 balance by shifting immune responses toward a Th2 phenotype in preclinical systems. These properties have generated research interest in autoimmune and inflammatory research models.
VIP's neuroprotective assay model activity has been investigated in models of neurodegeneration, stroke, and traumatic brain injury research models. The peptide promotes neuronal survival in preclinical systems through VPAC receptor-mediated activation of cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In the gastrointestinal system, VIP regulates motility, secretion, and blood-flow markers in research models, and has been studied in gastrointestinal preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Areas of Study
Vasodilation & Cardiovascular Function
Potent vasodilator acting through VPAC receptors on vascular smooth muscle, with research applications in pulmonary hypertension models.
Neuroprotective Assay Models
Investigated for promotion of neuronal survival in preclinical systems via cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt signaling in models of neurodegeneration and ischemic injury.
Immune Regulation
Studied for suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotion of regulatory T-cell differentiation in autoimmune research models.
Gastrointestinal Function
Regulates GI motility, secretion, and mucosal blood flow; investigated in inflammatory bowel disease models.
Circadian Rhythm Research
Key signaling peptide in the suprachiasmatic nucleus involved in synchronization of circadian clock neurons.
References
- [1]Said SI, Mutt V. (1970). Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine. Science, 169(3951), 1217-1218.
- [2]Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. (2004). The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacological Reviews, 56(2), 249-290.
- [3]Gonzalez-Rey E, Fernandez-Martin A, Chorny A, Delgado M. (2006). Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces CD4+,CD25+ T regulatory cells with therapeutic effect in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 54(3), 864-876.
- [4]Brenneman DE. (2007). Neuroprotection: a comparative view of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Peptides, 28(9), 1720-1726.
- [5]Abad C, Martinez C, Juarranz MG, et al. (2003). Therapeutic effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid mice model of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 124(4), 961-971.
Disclaimer: Information provided for research reference only; not medical advice. Sold strictly for in-vitro research use.
Certificate of Analysis
Third-party verified
Every batch of VIP is independently tested by an A2LA-accredited (ISO 17025:2017) laboratory using HPLC-UV/VIS for purity and identity, with a batch-specific lot number. Results are published publicly.
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Frequently
Asked
Questions
Everything on purity, paperwork, shipping and the research-use-only terms. Still stuck? Read the full FAQ.
What does research use only mean?
Every compound we supply is a reference standard intended strictly for in-vitro laboratory research. It is not a drug or a supplement, and it is not for human or veterinary use, nor for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
How is purity verified?
Every lot is assayed by HPLC at an independent, accredited third-party laboratory. We publish the resulting Certificate of Analysis and link it to the lot number printed on the vial.
Where do I find the Certificate of Analysis?
Every lot has a public, batch-linked COA. Browse them all on the COA page, or open any product page and use the COA tab for that specific compound.
How quickly do orders ship?
Orders placed before 2PM EST ship the same business day. Shipments are cold-packed where required and fully tracked.
Do you ship internationally?
We currently ship within the United States. Requests from institutional buyers outside the US are handled case by case, so contact us before ordering.
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